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Trail Trail (7,237) is a city in the West Kootenay region. It is located in the Selkirk Trench, a few miles north of the American border. Mountains rise to heights of more than 5,000 feet in the immediate vicinity of the city, which is built upon a series of Pleistocene terraces, bordering the Columbia River. The town is dominated by the huge smelter of the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company. Behind it, also on a higher terrace, is the fertilizer plant, operated by the same company. The first smelter was built in 1895 to treat local ores. Later, as local supplies became exhausted, other ones were shipped in from outlying mines. At the present time, most of the ore comes from the Sullivan mine in the Rocky Mountain Trench. Power for the electrolytic refining process is supplied from plants on the Kootenay and Pend d'Oreille rivers. Trail is a rather smoky, unattractive city, but Rossland (4,600), formerly a noted mining camp, is a pleasant residential suburb, located in the uplands, a few miles to the west. Nelson Nelson (9,258) is a city in the West Kootenay region. It is picturesquely located on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake, about 50 miles northeast of Trail. Mountains, over 5,000 feet in elevation, virtually rim the settlement; while, a few miles to the north, Mount Kokanee (9,400 feet) dominates the rugged grandeur of Kokanee Glacier Park. An older settlement than Trail, Nelson is the leading commercial centre and the seat of justice for the district. Nucleus of an early mining district, it was, for a time, the site of a smelter. During its history, Nelson has seen the rise and fall of many mining ventures, but has always maintained its position as a financial and trading centre. Lumbering and fruit growing are the industries of the surrounding valleys. Nelson is served by the Canadian Pacific and Great Northern railways. For a long time, Nelson was the terminus of steamship services on Kootenay Lake. Other Centres Grand Forks is a small railway and trading centre in the Kettle Valley, about 40 miles west of Trail. Formerly the site of a large copper smelter, it is now a service and distribution point for the surrounding agricultural district. Creston is the leading town in the Purcell Trench. Located to the south of Kootenay Lake, near the delta of the Kootenay River, it serves the rich wheatgrowing area of dyked, alluvial land, as well as the thriving fruit and mixed farms of the terraces and valley slopes. Kaslo, on the northeast shore of Kootenay Lake, is the centre of a small fruit-growing and mining district. New Denver and Slocan and Silverton are small mining villages on Slocan Lake. Revelstoke is located on the Columbia River. It is a divisional point on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway and the southwestern terminus of the Big Bend Highway. Some farming is practised to the south in a lowland which runs north from Upper Arrow Lake. Mountainous scenery in the Revelstoke area is outstanding. Many peaks over 8,000 feet high may be seen from the city. Several significant towns are located in the Rocky Mountain Trench. Cranbrook, is an important lumber centre in the western edge of the trench, in its southern section. It is served by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Some farming and ranching take place near the town. Sullivan, one of the largest lead mines in the world, is the main industry in the city. Recently, a new fertilizer plant has been built. Further north in the trench, Invermere (Windermere) is a small tourist centre. Golden is located on the Canadian Pacific Railway at the western end of Kicking Horse Pass. In the Rocky Mountains proper, Fernie, is the largest town. It is a coal mining centre located on the Elk River. The Canadian Pacific Railway (Crowsnest Branch) passes through the town. Field, is located on the Canadian Pacific Railway in the heart of the Rocky Mountains. It is a divisional point, with much railroad equipment, such as snow ploughs and spare engines, kept in reserve. It is situated as a western gate to the most picturesque part of the Rocky Mountains. Many resorts including Emerald Lake, Yoho and Wapta Lake are located nearby. Home