Back to Homepage Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Other Centres Cape Breton Sydney The South Shore of Nova Scotia The Interior of Nova Scotia Other Centres of Nova Scotia Eastern New Brunswick Saint John - New Brunswick Moncton The Saint John Valley The Montreal Region St. Hyacinthe Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu The Three Rivers Region Drummondville The Quebec Region Other Towns in the Quebec Region The Eastern Townships - Les Cantons de l'Est Sherbrooke The South Shore of the Estuary The Gaspé Peninsula The Laurentians Western Quebec The Lake St. John and Saguenay Region The North Shore Regions and Cities of Southern Ontario Eastern Ontario Ottawa Kingston South Central Ontario Toronto Oshawa Belleville Highland Ontario The Niagara Region Hamilton St. Catharines Niagara Falls Southwestern Ontario Brantford Guelph London Windsor Western Ontario Regions and Cities of Northern Ontario North Bay Sudbury Sault Ste. Marie The North Shore of Lake Huron The North Huron Islands Northeastern Ontario Thunder Bay Rainy River Patricia Regions and Cities of British Columbia Vancouver New Westminster Victoria Nanaimo The Coastal Region Port Alberni and Alberni The Fraser Uplands Okanagan Valley The Kootenay-Columbia Region Trail The Nechako Region The Peace River Block

Eastern New Brunswick Eastern New Brunswick is part of the great lowland underlain by Carboniferous rocks. Its climate is characterized by a modcrate rainfall (36 inches) and by a fairly warm summer. The area is largely covered by coniferous and mixed forests and settlement is confined to the larger river valleys and the gulf shore area. The population is of mixed origins with a preponderance of French speaking people, especially toward the north. Agriculture is not highly developed and is often a part-time occupation of men whose chief interest is either fishing or work in the woods. Manufacturing is chiefly concerned with forest products. Peat bogs near Shippegan in the northeast are being commercially developed. There are few towns, but a considerable number of villages. Chatham and Newcastle on the Miramichi River owe their development to the sawing and shipping of lumber since the early days of settlement. Bathurst at the mouth of the Nipisiguit River is the site of a large pulp mill and a college. Southern New Brunswick The southern part of New Brunswick is, physiographically, a rather complex association of valleys and uplands. Its climate is characterized by a moderate rainfall and moderately warm summers, except for the cool, foggy and rainy strip of coast along the Bay of Fundy. In contrast with the north, the inhabitants of this area are chiefly of British origin. Close settlements are found in the larger valleys while the uplands remain as unsettled forest land. Here are located the three cities of the province. Fredericton, the capital, Saint John, the chief port and industrial centre, and Moncton, the chief railway centre, highway node and a rapidly growing distribution point. While the area devoted to agriculture is not extensive, there is a well developed dairy industry supplying the cities. Fredericton Fredericton, the capital of New Brunswick, is located on the St. John River about 85 miles from its mouth, and approximately at the head of navigation. Its population in 1941 was 10,062, nearly all of British origin. By 2006 its population had grown to about 50,535, in large measure through the annexation of the urban areas on the left bank of the St. John River. Fredericton was settled by Loyalists in the autumn of 1783, upon the site of the former French village of Ste. Anne. On account of its central location it was chosen as the capital of the new province of New Brunswick, created in 1784. The Governor established his residence there in 1786. The town grew slowly and was incorporated as a city in 1848 with a population of about 4,000. The site of the original settlement and most of the built-up area of the city is located on a low terrace at a bend in the St. John River. There are several wharves along the water front formerly used by river boats. A highway bridge, half a mile in length, connects the suburbs on the north bank. A small down-town section, about a block away from the river, contains most of the public and commercial buildings. The railway facilities are on the south side of the city just below the gentle slopes leading up from the terrace. Between these areas lie the residential streets of the city so closely lined with shade trees as to appear a forest from the air. The dwellings are practically all of frame construction. The chief function of Fredericton is as the capital and administrative centre of the province. Here is to be found the University of New Brunswick, pleasantly located on the slopes which overlook the city from the southwest. It was founded as the College of New Brunswick in 1800. Instruction at first was of secondary school level but in 1820 studies leading to the B.A. degree were introduced. By Act of the Provincial Legislature it became the University of New Brunswick in 1859. It has an important School of Forestry which has taken the lead in forest research in Eastern Canada. On the southern outskirts of the city is the Dominion Experimental Farm where scientists are engaged in solving the agricultural problems of the province. The vicinity of Fredericton is one of the important manufacturing areas of the province. Here are located a number of lumber mills and woodworking plants. The textile industry is also important. Home